Egypt is navigating one of the most significant displacement contexts in its modern history. By March 2025, more than one million refugees and asylum seekers were officially registered with UNHCR, alongside millions of unregistered migrants from neighboring countries. What began as a humanitarian emergency has evolved into a long-term structural reality with profound economic, social, and institutional implications. Humanitarian assistance continues to provide essential support, yet funding gaps, administrative delays, and service pressures reveal the limits of short-term responses. Many refugees remain concentrated in informal labor markets, informal housing, and community-based survival systems despite possessing substantial human capital. More than half of Sudanese arrivals report prior vocational experience, and Syrian entrepreneurs have transformed segments of Egypt’s food and retail economy. However, restrictive work-permit systems, limited skills recognition, financial exclusion, and fragmented institutional coordination constrain their full economic participation. This report reframes refugee and migrant presence in Egypt not as a temporary burden, but as a long-term developmental opportunity. Drawing on updated demographic and economic data, labor-market analysis, and comparative international benchmarks, it identifies systemic gaps in legal frameworks, labor access, financial inclusion, and service delivery. It then translates these findings into actionable policy pathways aligned with Egypt’s Vision 2030, the National Human Rights Strategy, and recent legal reforms. The report highlights five core themes: entrepreneurship and economic agency; skills portability and recognition; navigating informality; leveraging diaspora networks; and identity within national policy frameworks. Together, these underscore a central conclusion: integration is not only a humanitarian obligation, it is a strategic investment in Egypt’s labor market, urban resilience, and long-term economic growth. By moving from fragmented aid toward coordinated, rights-based economic inclusion, Egypt can strengthen productivity, expand its tax base, enhance social cohesion, and position itself as a regional leader in progressive migration governance.